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千万不要滥用Stream.toList(),有坑!

2024-03-07码农

作者:下次用掘金
链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7325717778597904420

Stream toList()返回的是只读List原则上不可修改,collect(Collectors.toList())默认返回的是ArrayList,可以增删改查

1. 背景

在公司看到开发环境突然发现了UnsupportedOperationException 报错,想到了不是自己throw的应该就是操作collection不当。


发现的确是同事使用了类似stringList.stream().filter(number -> Long.parseLong(number) > 1).toList() 以stream.toList()作为返回, 后继续使用了返回值做add操作,导致报错

2. Stream toList()和 collect(Collectors.toList())的区别

JDK version: 21

IDE: IDEA

从Java16开始,Stream有了直接toList方法, java8时候常用的方法是 stringList.stream().filter(number -> Long.parseLong(number) > 1).collect(Collectors.toList())。

Stream toList()

/** * Accumulates the elements of this stream into a {@code List}. The elements in * the list will be in this stream's encounter order, if one exists. The returned List * is unmodifiable; calls to any mutator method will always cause * {@code UnsupportedOperationException} to be thrown. There are no * guarantees on the implementation type or serializability of the returned List. * * <p>The returned instance may be <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>. * Callers should make no assumptions about the identity of the returned instances. * Identity-sensitive operations on these instances (reference equality ({@code ==}), * identity hash code, and synchronization) are unreliable and should be avoided. * * <p>This is a <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">terminal operation</a>. * * @apiNote If more control over the returned object is required, use * {@link Collectors#toCollection(Supplier)}. * * @implSpec The implementation in this interface returns a List produced as if by the following: * <pre>{@code * Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(this.toArray()))) * }</pre> * * @implNote Most instances of Stream will override this method and provide an implementation * that is highly optimized compared to the implementation in this interface. * * @return a List containing the stream elements * * @since 16 */@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")default List<T> toList() {return (List<T>) Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(this.toArray()))); }


查看源码 Stream toList调用的是Collections.unmodifiableList 而在unmodifiableList(List<? extends T> list)实现中,都会返回一个不可修改的List,所以不能使用set/add/remove等改变list数组的方法。

return (listinstanceof RandomAccess ?new UnmodifiableRandomAccessList<>(list) :new UnmodifiableList<>(list));

但其实也可以修改List的元素的某些属性,例如

List<String> stringList = List.of("1", "2", "3");List<String> largeNumberList = stringList.stream().filter(number -> Long.parseLong(number) > 1).toList();List<String> largeNumberList2 = stringList.stream().filter(number -> Long.parseLong(number) > 1).collect(Collectors.toList());// largeNumberList.add("4"); // java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException largeNumberList2.add("4"); //success// modify custom object attribute User userZhang = new User("ZhangSan"); User userLi = new User("LiSi");List<User> userList = List.of(userZhang, userLi);List<User> filterList = userList.stream().filter(user -> "LiSi".equals(user.name)).toList(); User first = filterList.getFirst();//java 21 first.name = "WangWu"; filterList.forEach(u -> System.out.println(u.name));//List.of返回的也是不能修改的List userList.forEach(u -> System.out.print(u.name));

输出结果是:

WangWu

ZhangSanWangWu


Stream collect(Collectors.toList())

返回一个ArrayList 如果没有在toList()方法入参中传入指定Supplier的话, 可以做ArrayList的任何操作

/** * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulates the input elements into a * new {@code List}. There are no guarantees on the type, mutability, * serializability, or thread-safety of the {@code List} returned; if more * control over the returned {@code List} is required, use {@link #toCollection(Supplier)}. * * @param <T> the type of the input elements * @return a {@code Collector} which collects all the input elements into a * {@code List}, in encounter order */publicstatic <T> Collector<T, ?, List<T>> toList() {returnnew CollectorImpl<>(ArrayList::new, List::add, (left, right) -> { left.addAll(right); return left; }, CH_ID); }

tips: List.of(),返回的也是不可修改的list, an unmodifiable list. 关于 Unmodifiable Lists 说明

of和List.copyOf静态工厂方法为创建不可修改的列表提供了一种方便的方法。这些方法创建的List实例具有以下特征:

  • 它们是不可修改的。元素不能被添加、删除或替换。调用List上的任何mutator方法将始终导致引发UnsupportedOperationException。但是,如果包含的元素本身是可变的,这可能会导致List的内容看起来发生变化。

  • 它们不允许空元素。尝试使用空元素创建它们会导致NullPointerException。

  • 如果所有元素都是可序列化的,那么它们就是可序列化的。

  • 列表中元素的顺序与提供的参数或提供的数组中元素的顺序相同。列表及其子List视图实现了RandomAccess接口。

  • 它们以价值为基础。应将相等的实例视为可互换的,不应将它们用于同步,否则可能会发生不可预知的行为。如,在将来的版本中,同步可能会失败。呼叫端不应假设传回执行个体的识别。工厂可以自由地创建新的实例或重用现有的实例。

  • 它们将按照「序列化窗体」页上的指定进行序列化。

  • 该接口是Java集合框架的成员。

  • 3.如何使用(不考虑性能)

    确定其是一个不再被set/add/remove的list 可使用 Stream toList;


    如果使用collect(Collectors.toList()) ,sonar或idea自带以及第三方的一些code checker会爆warning, 以本人经验,可以使用collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new))来代替

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