这份MySQL 5.7 到 8.0 的升级攻略，闭眼入吧……

一、前言

事出必有因，在这个月的某个项目中，我们面临了一项重要任务，即每年一次的等保测评整改。这次测评的重点是Mysql的一些高危漏洞，客户要求我们无论如何必须解决这些漏洞。尽管我们感到无奈，但为了满足客户的要求，我们只能硬着头皮进行升级。而碰巧的是，借着Mysql5.7停止更新的机会，我们决定研究一下Mysql5.7升级到Mysql8.0的过程。在本文的最后，我将分享一些在这次升级过程中遇到的问题。

升级需求：将5.7.43升级到8.0.34, 升级方式 in-place升级【关闭现有版本MySQL，将二进制或包替换成新版本并在现有数据目录上启动MySQL并执行升级任务的方式，称为in-place升级】

二、MySQL生命周期

以下Mysql 生命周期-内容来自于互联网

关于数据库版本升级，一直都是热议话题，对于升级的缘由各家也有所不同，有业务驱动的，有DBA自发驱动的，有规划导向也有方向指引的……抛开各种原因，当升级这个决定落下来的时候，对于DBA手头的几百几千套数据库来说，就好比是一场动物大迁徙，满满的画面感。

从Oracle发布的版本生命周期规划可以看到，Mysql5.7已经走到了生命周期的终点，意味着后续将不再为Mysql5.7提供官方更新、错误修复或安全补丁。

三、MySQL8.0的新特性

四、升级建议

支持从MySQL5.7升级到MySQL8.0，注意仅支持GA版本之间的升级。

不支持跨大版本的升级，如从5.6升级到8.0是不支持的。

建议升级大版本前先升级到当前版本的最近小版本，如5.7先升级到5.7.43后再升级到8.0。

做好充足的备份！数据无价！

五、升级前准备

1、Mysql-shell 检查工具兼容性

在执行升级操作前需要做一些检查工作，确认准备工作是否就绪，避免升级过程中出现异常。可以使用MySQL Shell使用util.checkForServerUpgrade进行检查，返回内容包括不符合迁移要求的问题，error的问题需要迁移前修改。

Mysql-shell 下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/shell/

选择 Archives ，查询更多版本

选择当前最新的版本8.0.34，x84,64-bit

下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/43/file/mysql-shell-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit.tar.gz

#下载包[[email protected] ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/43/file/mysql-shell-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit.tar.gz -C /root[[email protected] ~]# tar -xf mysql-shell-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit.tar.gz[[email protected] ~]# cd /root/mysql-shell-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit/bin[[email protected] bin]# ./mysqlsh -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "util.checkForServerUpgrade()" > util.checkForServerUpgrade.log

输出报告

The MySQL server at /tmp/mysql.sock, version 5.7.39-log - MySQL CommunityServer (GPL), will now be checked for compatibility issues for upgrade to MySQL8.0.34...1) Usage of old temporal type No issues found2) MySQL 8.0 syntax checkfor routine-like objectsNo issues found3) Usageof db objects withnames conflicting withnew reserved keywordsNo issues found4) Usageof utf8mb3 charsetWarning: The following objects use the utf8mb3 character set. It is recommended toconvert them touse utf8mb4 instead, for improved Unicode support. More information: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-unicode-utf8mb3.html mysql - schema's default character set: utf8 test - schema's defaultcharacterset: utf85) Tablenamesin the mysql schema conflicting withnewtablesin8.0No issues found6) Partitioned tablesusingengineswith non native partitioningNo issues found7) Foreignkeyconstraintnames longer than64charactersNo issues found8) Usageof obsolete MAXDB sql_mode flagNo issues found9) Usageof obsolete sql_mode flagsNotice: The following DB objects have obsolete options persisted for sql_mode, which will be cleared during upgradeto8.0. More information: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-nutshell.html#mysql-nutshell-removalsglobalsystemvariable sql_mode - defined using obsolete NO_AUTO_CREATE_USERoption10) ENUM/SETcolumn definitions containing elements longer than255charactersNo issues found11) Usageof partitioned tablesinshared tablespacesNo issues found12) Circular directoryreferencesintablespacedatafile pathsNo issues found13) Usageof removed functionsNo issues found14) Usageof removed GROUPBYASC/DESC syntaxNo issues found15) Removed systemvariablesforerrorloggingto the systemlog configurationTo run this check requires fullpathto MySQL server configuration fileto be specified at'configPath'keyof options dictionary More information: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-13.html#mysqld-8-0-13-logging16) Removed systemvariablesTo run this check requires fullpathto MySQL server configuration fileto be specified at'configPath'keyof options dictionary More information: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/added-deprecated-removed.html#optvars-removed17) SystemvariableswithnewdefaultvaluesTo run this check requires fullpathto MySQL server configuration fileto be specified at'configPath'keyof options dictionary More information: https://mysqlserverteam.com/new-defaults-in-mysql-8-0/18) Zero Date, Datetime, andTimestampvaluesNo issues found19) Schema inconsistencies resulting fromfile removal orcorruptionNo issues found20) Tables recognized byInnoDB that belong to a different engineNo issues found21) Issues reported by'check table x for upgrade' commandNo issues found22) Newdefaultauthenticationplugin considerationsWarning: The newdefaultauthenticationplugin'caching_sha2_password' offers more secure password hashing than previously used 'mysql_native_password' (and consequent improved clientconnectionauthentication). However, it also has compatibility implications that may affect existing MySQL installations. If your MySQL installation must serve pre-8.0 clients and you encountercompatibility issues after upgrading, the simplest way to address those issues isto reconfigure the serverto revert to the previous defaultauthenticationplugin (mysql_native_password). For example, use these linesin the serveroptionfile: [mysqld] default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password However, the setting should be viewed astemporary, notas a long term orpermanent solution, because it causes new accounts created with the settingin effect to forego the improved authentication security.If you areusingreplication please take timeto understand how theauthenticationplugin changes may impact you. More information: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html#upgrade-caching-sha2-password-compatibility-issues https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html#upgrade-caching-sha2-password-replication23) Columns which cannot have defaultvaluesNo issues found24) Checkfor invalid tablenamesandschemanames used in5.7No issues found25) Checkfor orphaned routines in5.7No issues found26) Checkfor deprecated usageof single dollar signs inobjectnamesNo issues found27) Checkforindexes that are too largetoworkon higher versionsof MySQLServerthan5.7No issues found28) Checkfor deprecated '.<table>' syntax used in routines.No issues foundErrors: 0Warnings: 3Notices: 1NOTE: No fatal errors were found that would prevent an upgrade, but some potential issues were detected. Please ensure that the reported issues arenot significant before upgrading.

从输出报告可以看出，升级检查器在28个方面进行了检查，最终得出3个警告信息和1个提示。

消除警告：

Usage of utf8mb3 charset 在 MySQL 8.0版本之前，默认字符集为latin1 ，utf8字符集指向的是utf8mb3 。从MySQL8.0开始，数据库的默认编码将改为utf8mb4 ；为了避免新旧对象字符集不一致的情况，可以在配置文件将字符集和校验规则设置为旧版本的字符集和比较规则。

New default authentication plugin considerations，密码认证插件变更。为了避免连接问题，可以仍采用5.7的mysql_native_password认证插件。

消除提示：

Usage of obsolete sql_mode flags：Mysq8.0 版本sql_mode不支持NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER，要避免配置的sql_mode中带有NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER。

通过以上的例子，可以发现，MySQL Shell提供的升级检查工具能够帮助我们检测版本兼容性，减轻升级工作负担。

2、逻辑备份Mysql数据

which mysqldump/home/application/mysql/app/bin/mysqldump# --routines 备份存储过程和函数；--set-gtid-purged=OFF: 禁用GTID（全局事务标识）;xxx1,XXX2 表示库名，备份多个库 用空格做为间隔/home/application/mysql/app/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p --routines --set-gtid-purged=OFF --databases XXX1 XXX2 > /root/all-database-20231026.sql

3、优雅的停止数据库

# 进入原5.7 mysql命令行 正确关闭数据库[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p'srebro'mysql> select version();+------------+| version() |+------------+| 5.7.43-log |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show variables like 'innodb_fast_shutdown';+----------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+----------------------+-------+| innodb_fast_shutdown | 1 |+----------------------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)# 确保数据都刷到硬盘上，更改成0InnoDB 关闭模式。如果值为 0，InnoDB 会在关闭前进行缓慢关闭、完全清除和更改缓冲区合并。如果值为 1（默认值），InnoDB 会在关闭时跳过这些操作，这个过程称为快速关闭。如果值为 2，InnoDB 刷新其日志并冷关机，就好像 MySQL 崩溃了；没有提交的事务丢失，但崩溃恢复操作使下一次启动需要更长的时间。在仍然缓冲大量数据的极端情况下，缓慢关闭可能需要几分钟甚至几小时。mysql> set global innodb_fast_shutdown=0;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> shutdown;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> exitBye[root@cmdb ~]# ps -ef | grep mysqlroot 3099030934016:12 pts/000:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

4、备份Mysql 数据目录,安装目录 和配置文件

--确认数据库状态为关闭状态[[email protected] ~]# systemctl status mysqld--数据目录备份[[email protected] ~]# cp -r /home/application/mysql/data /home/application/mysql/data_bak_`date +%F`--安装目录备份[[email protected] ~]# cp -r /home/application/mysql/app/ /home/application/mysql/app_bak_`date +%F`--配置文件备份[[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf_`date +%F`

5、下载并解压MySQL8

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

选择 Archives ，查询更多版本

下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 选择mysql-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

#执行以下步骤解压tar包：# 安装包上传至原安装包目录下 我的是/home/application/mysql[[email protected] ~]# cd /home/application/mysql[[email protected] mysql]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz[[email protected] mysql]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz# 文件夹重命名为mysql8[[email protected] mysql]# mv mysql-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql8# 更改文件夹所属[[email protected] mysql]# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /home/application/mysql/mysql8# 删除安装包[[email protected] mysql]# rm -rf mysql-8.0.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

六、升级

1、修改my.cnf 配置文件

因5.7版本与8.0版本参数有所不同，为了能顺利升级，我们需要更改部分配置参数。主要注意sql_mode、basedir、密码认证插件及字符集设置，其他参数最好还是按照原5.7的来，不需要做调整。下面展示5.7和8.0的配置文件,注意备份原来配置文件。

1）Mysql5.7_my.cnf 配置文件

[mysql]socket=/tmp/mysql.sockdefault-character-set=utf8[mysqld]user=mysqlbasedir=/home/application/mysql/appdatadir=/home/application/mysql/datacharacter_set_server=utf8collation-server=utf8_general_ci#日志时间log_timestamps=SYSTEMport=3306socket=/tmp/mysql.sockmax_connections=1000max_allowed_packet=500Msql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION#慢日志long_query_time=3slow_query_log=ONslow_query_log_file=/home/application/mysql/slow_query.log#错误日志log-error=/home/application/mysql/mysql-error.log#binlog配置server_id=150log-bin=mysql-binmax_binlog_size = 100Mbinlog_format=rowlog_slave_updatesexpire_logs_days=7#只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名skip-name-resolve=1

2）Mysql8.0_my.cnf 配置文件

[mysql]socket=/tmp/mysql.sockdefault-character-set=utf8[mysqld]user=mysql#日志时间log_timestamps=SYSTEMport=3306socket=/tmp/mysql.sockmax_connections=1000max_allowed_packet=500M#只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名skip-name-resolve=1#binlog配置server_id=150log-bin=mysql-binmax_binlog_size = 100Mbinlog_format=rowlog_slave_updatesexpire_logs_days=7#慢日志long_query_time=3slow_query_log=ONslow_query_log_file=/home/application/mysql/slow_query.log#错误日志log-error=/home/application/mysql/mysql-error.log#for8.0sql_mode = STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTIONbasedir=/home/application/mysql/mysql8datadir=/home/application/mysql/datacharacter_set_server=utf8collation-server=utf8_general_ci# 默认使用"mysql_native_password"插件认证default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎default-storage-engine=INNODB

2、执行升级程序

在mysql5.7升级的时候，MySQL启动后还需执行mysql_upgrade后重启MySQL。MySQL8.0.16开始，MySQL 不推荐使用mysql_upgrade；直接使用 mysqld_safe 直接启动。关于--upgrade=的一些参数

--upgrade=AUTO MySQL升级所有过时的内容--upgrade=NONE MySQL跳过升级步骤，可能会导致报错--upgrade=MINIMAL MySQL在必要时升级数据字典表，information_schema和information_schema。这可能会导致部分功能不能正常使用，例如MGR--upgrade=FORCE MySQL会升级所有的内容，这会检查所有schema的所有对象，导致MySQL需要更长的时间启动。此模式下MySQL会重新创建系统表if they are missing。[[email protected] ~]# /home/application/mysql/mysql8/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql --upgrade=FORCE2023-10-30T07:33:23.595626Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/application/mysql/mysql-error.log'.2023-10-30T07:33:23.620303Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon withdatabasesfrom /home/application/mysql/data会一直卡住不用担心

新开一个窗口，可观察下错误日志看是否报错/home/application/mysql/mysql-error.log 然后登录数据库测试

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p'srebro'Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands endwith ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 12Server version: 8.0.34 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type'\c'toclear the currentinput statement.mysql> selectversion();+-----------+| version() |+-----------+| 8.0.34 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

3、修改Mysql环境变量

由于basedir 从/home/application/mysql/app 变成了 /home/application/mysql/mysql8，需要修改下环境变量信息：

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profileexport PATH=$PATH:/home/application/mysql/mysql8/bin.......#使环境变量生效[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile#验证下mysql环境变量#退出当前终端[[email protected] ~]# exit [[email protected] ~]# which mysql/home/application/mysql/mysql8/bin/mysql[[email protected] ~]# mysql -Vmysql Ver 8.0.34for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

4、停止mysqld_safe进程，使用systemd管理Mysql8

[root@cmdb ~]# kill -9 `ps -ef | grep mysql | awk '{print $2}'`#确认没有mysql进程[root@cmdb ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql#使用systemd管理mysql8#修改原先的ExecStart中，basedir的路径，改为mysql8 的路径[root@cmdb ~]# vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=man:mysqldDocumentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.htmlAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/home/application/mysql/mysql8/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

5、配置mysql8开机自启&启动mysql8

#reload下systemd[root@cmdb ~]# systemctl daemon-reload#加入开机自启动[root@cmdb ~]# systemctl enable mysqldCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service.#启动mysql8数据库[root@cmdb ~]# systemctl start mysqld[root@cmdb ~]# ps -ef | grep mysqlmysql 949713614:59 ? 00:00:01 /home/application/mysql/mysql8/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnfroot 95448560014:59 pts/000:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql#登录数据库验证[root@cmdb ~]# mysql -uroot -p'srebro'Enter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version:8.0.34 MySQL Community Server - GPLCopyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;'or'\h'for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> select version();+-----------+| version() |+-----------+| 8.0.34 |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || srebro || sys || test |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

七、一些问题

1、问题一

在升级Mysql8.0后，关于JDBC中SSL连接的一些报错信息，如下图：

经排查发现，Mysql8.0 数据库默认开启了SSL认证，且之前Mysql5.7.39 也是默认开启了SSL认证，代码和JDBC驱动版本都没有变化，那很有可能就是Mysql8.0 中对于SSL的一个变化，咨询了DBA 朋友，专业的解释是，在5.7.31的时候SSL在源码中貌似没有真正的起作用，后面版本完善了这块的内容。倘若，不使用SSL去连接，就 需要按照如下的方法去处理：

方法一： 从数据库成面，直接在my.cnf 中 添加skip_ssl 参数，从源头上关闭SSL 认证的方式

方法二： 从代码层面，在JDBC 连接中，使用 &useSSL=false 参数，表示不使用SSL 认证

2、问题二

Mysql 报错unblock with ‘mysqladmin flush-hosts’，报错如下：

JDBC连接报错，报错内容 ERROR 1129 (HY000): Host '192.168.1.34' is blocked because of many connection errors; unblock with 'mysqladmin flush-hosts'

原因： 同一个ip在短时间内产生太多，中断的数据库连接而导致的阻塞；而中断的因为有些业务使用SSL去连接数据库，导致登录失败，登录被锁；

临时解决方法，使用mysqladmin flush-hosts 命令清理一下hosts文件，mysqladmin -u xxx -p flush-hosts,根本上去解决，就需要排查什么异常的连接导致阻塞，登录被锁，比如上面提到的SSL认证的问题。

> > > >

参考资料

作者丨运维小弟

来源丨公众号：运维小弟（ID：SRE-BRO）

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