万字长文，实例分析角色权限控制

RBAC权限分析

RBAC 全称为基于角色的权限控制，本文将会从什么是RBAC，模型分类，什么是权限，用户组的使用，实例分析等几个方面阐述RBAC

思维导图

什么是RBAC

实例分析等几个方面阐述RBAC

RBAC 全称为用户角色权限控制，通过角色关联用户，角色关联权限，这种方式，间阶的赋予用户的权限，如下图所示

对于通常的系统而言，存在多个用户具有相同的权限，在分配的时候，要为指定的用户分配相关的权限，修改的时候也要依次的对这几个用户的权限进行修改，有了角色这个权限，在修改权限的时候，只需要对角色进行修改，就可以实现相关的权限的修改。这样做增加了效率，减少了权限漏洞的发生。

模型分类

对于RBAC模型来说，分为以下几个模型 分别是RBAC0，RBAC1，RBAC2，RBAC3，这四个模型，这段将会依次介绍这四个模型，其中最常用的模型有RBAC0.

RBAC0是最简单的RBAC模型，这里面包含了两种。

此系统功能单一，人员较少，这里举个栗子，张三既是行政，也负责财务，此时张三就有俩个权限，分别是行政权限，和财务权限两个部分。

相对于RBAC0模型来说，增加了子角色，引入了继承的概念。

这里RBAC2模型，在RBAC0模型的基础上，增加了一些功能，以及限制

即，RBAC1，RBAC2，两者模型全部累计，称为统一模型。

什么是权限

权限是资源的集合，这里的资源指的是软件中的所有的内容，即，对页面的操作权限，对页面的访问权限，对数据的增删查改的权限。举个栗子。对于下图中的系统而言，

拥有，计划管理，客户管理，合同管理，出入库通知单管理，粮食安全追溯，粮食统计查询，设备管理这几个页面，对这几个页面的访问，以及是否能够访问到菜单，都属于权限。

用户组的使用

对于用户组来说，是把众多的用户划分为一组，进行批量授予角色，即，批量授予权限。 举个栗子，对于部门来说，一个部门拥有一万多个员工，这些员工都拥有相同的角色，如果没有用户组，可能需要一个个的授予相关的角色，在拥有了用户组以后，只需要，把这些用户全部划分为一组，然后对该组设置授予角色，就等同于对这些用户授予角色。

优点：减少工作量，便于理解，增加多级管理，等。

SpringSecurity 简单使用

首先添加依赖

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

然后添加相关的访问接口

packagecom.example.demo.web;
importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
importorg.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class Test {
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String test(){
return "test";
}
}



最后启动项目，在日志中查看相关的密码

访问接口，可以看到相关的登录界面

输入用户名和相关的密码

用户名：user
密码 984cccf2-ba82-468e-a404-7d32123d0f9c

增加用户名和密码

在配置文件中，书写相关的登录和密码

spring:
security:
user:
name: ming
password: 123456
roles: admin

在登录页面，输入用户名和密码，即可正常登录

基于内存的认证

需要自定义类继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 代码如下

packagecom.example.demo.config;
importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
importorg.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
importorg.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
importorg.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
importorg.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
importorg.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
@Configuration
public class MyWebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
returnNoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("admin").password("123").roles("admin");
}
}




即，配置的用户名为admin，密码为123，角色为admin

HttpSecurity

这里对一些方法进行拦截

package com.ming.demo.interceptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.rememberme.TokenBasedRememberMeServices;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public classSecurityConfigextendsWebSecurityConfigurerAdapter{
//基于内存的用户存储
@Override
publicvoidconfigure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("itguang").password("123456").roles("USER").and()
.withUser("admin").password("{noop}" + "123456").roles("ADMIN");
}
//请求拦截
@Override
protectedvoidconfigure(HttpSecurity http)throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.anyRequest().permitAll()
.and()
.formLogin()
.permitAll()
.and()
.logout()
.permitAll();
}
}





即，这里完成了对所有的方法访问的拦截。

SpringSecurity 集成JWT

这是一个小demo，目的，登录以后返回jwt生成的token

导入依赖

添加web依赖

导入JWT和Security依赖

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.jsonwebtoken/jjwt -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-security -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

创建一个JwtUser实现UserDetails

创建 一个相关的JavaBean

package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.util.Collection;
public classJwtUserimplementsUserDetails{
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer state;
private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;
publicJwtUser(){
}
publicJwtUser(String username, String password, Integer state, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities){
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.state = state;
this.authorities = authorities;
}
@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
return authorities;
}
@Override
public String getPassword(){
returnthis.password;
}
@Override
public String getUsername(){
returnthis.username;
}
@Override
publicbooleanisAccountNonExpired(){
returntrue;
}
@Override
publicbooleanisAccountNonLocked(){
returntrue;
}
@Override
publicbooleanisCredentialsNonExpired(){
returntrue;
}
@Override
publicbooleanisEnabled(){
returntrue;
}
}













编写工具类生成令牌

编写工具类，用来生成token，以及刷新token，以及验证token

package com.example.demo;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
privateString secret;
private Long expiration;
privateString header;
privateString generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
Date expirationDate = newDate(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration);
return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();
}
private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims;
try {
claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
} catch (Exception e) {
claims = null;
}
return claims;
}
publicString generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(2);
claims.put("sub", userDetails.getUsername());
claims.put("created", newDate());
return generateToken(claims);
}
publicString getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
String username;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
username = claims.getSubject();
} catch (Exception e) {
username = null;
}
return username;
}
publicBoolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();
return expiration.before(newDate());
} catch (Exception e) {
returnfalse;
}
}
publicString refreshToken(String token) {
String refreshedToken;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
claims.put("created", newDate());
refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);
} catch (Exception e) {
refreshedToken = null;
}
return refreshedToken;
}
publicBoolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
JwtUser user = (JwtUser) userDetails;
String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
return (username.equals(user.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));
}
}




















编写拦截器

编写Filter 用来检测JWT

package com.example.demo;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
public classJwtAuthenticationTokenFilterextendsOncePerRequestFilter{
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
@Override
protectedvoiddoFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain)throws ServletException, IOException {
String authHeader = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtTokenUtil.getHeader());
if (authHeader != null && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(authHeader)) {
String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(authHeader);
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authHeader, userDetails)) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication =
new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails,null,userDetails.getAuthorities());
authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(httpServletRequest));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
}
}
}
filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
}
}







编写userDetailsService的实现类

在上方代码中，编写userDetailsService，类，实现其验证过程

package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.management.relation.Role;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public classJwtUserDetailsServiceImplimplementsUserDetailsService{
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s)throws UsernameNotFoundException {
User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(s);
if (user == null) {
thrownew UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("'%s'.这个用户不存在", s));
}
List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> collect = user.getRoles().stream().map(Role::getRolename).map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
returnnew JwtUser(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getState(), collect);
}
}







编写登录

编写登录业务的实现类 其login方法会返回一个JWTUtils 的token

@Service
public classUserServiceImplimplementsUserService{
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Autowired
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;
public User findByUsername(String username){
User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(username);
return user;
}
public RetResult login(String username, String password)throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
final Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
returnnew RetResult(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(),jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails));
}
}








最后配置Config

@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
@EnableWebSecurity
public classWebSecurityextendsWebSecurityConfigurerAdapter{
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;
@Autowired
publicvoidconfigureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder)throws Exception {
authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(this.userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Bean(name = BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER)
@Override
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean()throws Exception {
returnsuper.authenticationManagerBean();
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
returnnew BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protectedvoidconfigure(HttpSecurity http)throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and().authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and().headers().cacheControl();
http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter. class);
ExpressionUrlAuthorizationConfigurer<HttpSecurity>.ExpressionInterceptUrlRegistry registry = http.authorizeRequests();
registry.requestMatchers(CorsUtils::isPreFlightRequest).permitAll();
}
@Bean
public CorsFilter corsFilter(){
final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
final CorsConfiguration cors = new CorsConfiguration();
cors.setAllowCredentials(true);
cors.addAllowedOrigin("*");
cors.addAllowedHeader("*");
cors.addAllowedMethod("*");
urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", cors);
returnnew CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);
}
}














运行，返回token

运行，返回结果为token

SpringSecurity JSON登录

这里配置SpringSecurity之JSON登录

这里需要重写UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter类，以及配置SpringSecurity

重写UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter

public classCustomAuthenticationFilterextendsUsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter{
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws AuthenticationException {
//attempt Authentication when Content-Type is json
if(request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
||request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)){
//use jackson to deserialize json
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()){
AuthenticationBean authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is,AuthenticationBean. class);
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
authenticationBean.getUsername(), authenticationBean.getPassword());
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
"", "");
}finally {
setDetails(request, authRequest);
returnthis.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
}
//transmit it to UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
else {
returnsuper.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
}
}
}





配置SecurityConfig

@Override
protectedvoidconfigure(HttpSecurity http)throws Exception {
http
.cors().and()
.antMatcher("/**").authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/", "/login**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
//这里必须要写formLogin()，不然原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter不会出现，也就无法配置我们重新的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
.and().formLogin().loginPage("/")
.and().csrf().disable();
//用重写的Filter替换掉原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(),
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter. class);
}
//注册自定义的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
@Bean
CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter()throws Exception {
CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new SuccessHandler());
filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new FailureHandler());
filter.setFilterProcessesUrl("/login/self");
//这句很关键，重用WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter配置的AuthenticationManager，不然要自己组装AuthenticationManager
filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
return filter;
}




这样就完成使用json登录SpringSecurity

Spring Security 密码加密方式

需要在Config 类中配置如下内容

/**
* 密码加密
*/
@Bean
public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
returnnew BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}

即，使用此方法，对密码进行加密， 在业务层的时候，使用此加密的方法

@Service
@Transactional
public classUserServiceImplimplementsUserService{
@Resource
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Resource
private BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder; //注入bcryct加密
@Override
public User add(User user){
user.setPassword(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword())); //对密码进行加密
User user2 = userRepository.save(user);
return user2;
}
@Override
public ResultInfo login(User user){
ResultInfo resultInfo=new ResultInfo();
User user2 = userRepository.findByName(user.getName());
if (user2==null) {
resultInfo.setCode("-1");
resultInfo.setMessage("用户名不存在");
return resultInfo;
}
//判断密码是否正确
if (!bCryptPasswordEncoder.matches(user.getPassword(),user2.getPassword())) {
resultInfo.setCode("-1");
resultInfo.setMessage("密码不正确");
return resultInfo;
}
resultInfo.setMessage("登录成功");
return resultInfo;
}
}




即，使用BCryptPasswordEncoder 对密码进行加密，保存数据库

使用数据库认证

这里使用数据库认证SpringSecurity

设计数据表

这里设计数据表

着重配置SpringConfig

@Configurable
public classWebSecurityConfigextendsWebSecurityConfigurerAdapter{
@Autowired
private UserService userService; // service 层注入
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
returnnew BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protectedvoidconfigure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth)throws Exception {
// 参数传入Service，进行验证
auth.userDetailsService(userService);
}
@Override
protectedvoidconfigure(HttpSecurity http)throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginProcessingUrl("/login").permitAll()
.and()
.csrf().disable();
}
}




这里着重配置SpringConfig

小结

着重讲解了RBAC的权限配置，以及简单的使用SpringSecurity，以及使用SpringSecurity + JWT 完成前后端的分离，以及配置json登录，和密码加密方式。

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作者：小小____

来源：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000023052493

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