周五開擼經典shell運維實用指令碼～

2024-06-21碼農

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前言

大家好，這裏是 浩道linux ，主要給大家分享 linux 、 python 、 網路通訊 相關的IT知識平台。

今天浩道跟大家分享十幾個經典shell實戰指令碼，以下指令碼可謂日常工作常用到的經典指令碼案例 。希望可以幫助大家提升提升自動化能力！

1、監控100台伺服器磁盤利用率指令碼

#!/bin/bashHOST_INFO=host.infofor IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}'$HOST_INFO); do USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP'ip==$1{print $2}'$HOST_INFO) PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP'ip==$1{print $3}'$HOST_INFO) TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp ssh -p $PORT$USER@$IP'df -h' > $TMP_FILE USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}'$TMP_FILE)for USE_RATE in$USE_RATE_LIST; do PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*} USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; thenecho"Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"fidonedone

2、監控MySQL主從同步狀態是否異常指令碼

#!/bin/bash HOST=localhostUSER=rootPASSWD=123.comIO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null |awk '/Slave_.*_Running:/{print $1$2}')for i in$IO_SQL_STATUS; do THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*} THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; thenecho"Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!" |mail -s "Master-Slave Staus" [email protected]fidone

3、MySQL資料庫備份單迴圈

4、MySQL資料庫備份多迴圈

#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)HOST=localhostUSER=backupPASS=123.comBACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backupDB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")for DB in$DB_LIST; do BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE} [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null)for TABLE in$TABLE_LIST; do BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS$DB$TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; thenecho"$BACKUP_NAME 備份失敗!"fidonedone

5、Dos攻擊防範（自動遮蔽攻擊IP）

#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/demo2.access.logABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')for IP in$ABNORMAL_IP; doif [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROPecho"$(date +'%F_%T')$IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.logfidone

6、Linux系統發送告警指令碼

# yum install mailx# vi /etc/mail.rc setfrom=baojingtongzhi@163.com smtp=smtp.163.comset smtp-auth-user=baojingtongzhi@163.com smtp-auth-password=123456set smtp-auth=login

7、nginx 存取存取日誌按天切割

#!/bin/bashLOG_DIR=/usr/local/nginx/logsYESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d "yesterday" +%F)LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +"%Y-%m")LOG_FILE_LIST="default.access.log"for LOG_FILE in$LOG_FILE_LIST; do [ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE$LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME}donekill -USR1 $(cat /var/run/nginx.pid)

8、nginx存取日誌分析指令碼

#!/bin/bash# 日誌格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer""$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for"LOG_FILE=$1echo "統計存取最多的10個IP"awk '{a[$1]++}END{print"UV:",length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10echo "----------------------"echo "統計時間段存取最多的IP"awk '$4>="[01/Dec/2018:13:20:25" && $4<="[27/Nov/2018:16:20:49"{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10echo "----------------------"echo "統計存取最多的10個頁面"awk '{a[$7]++}END{print"PV:",length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nrecho "----------------------"echo "統計存取頁面狀態碼數量"awk '{a[$7" "$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k3 -nr

9、檢視網卡即時流量指令碼

#!/bin/bashNIC=$1echo -e " In ------ Out"whiletrue; do OLD_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev) OLD_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev) sleep 1 NEW_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev) NEW_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev) IN=$(printf"%.1f%s""$((($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN)/1024))""KB/s") OUT=$(printf"%.1f%s""$((($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT)/1024))""KB/s")echo"$IN$OUT" sleep 1done

10、伺服器系統設定初始化指令碼

#/bin/bash# 設定時區並同步時間ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtimeif ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then (echo "* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1";crontab -l) |crontab fi# 禁用selinuxsed -i '/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}' /etc/selinux/config# 關閉防火墻if egrep "7.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalldelif egrep "6.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then service iptables stop chkconfig iptables offfi# 歷史命令顯示操作時間if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "'>> /etc/bashrcfi# SSH超時時間if ! grep "TMOUT=600" /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then echo "export TMOUT=600">> /etc/profilefi# 禁止root遠端登入sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config# 禁止定時任務向發送信件sed -i 's/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/' /etc/crontab # 設定最大開啟檔數if ! grep "* soft nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF * soft nofile 65535 * hard nofile 65535 EOFfi# 系統內核最佳化cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOFnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20EOF# 減少SWAP使用echo "0" > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness# 安裝系統效能分析工具及其他yum install gcc make autoconf vim sysstat net-tools iostat iftop iotp lrzsz -y

11、目錄檔變化監控和即時檔同步

#!/bin/bashMON_DIR=/optinotifywait -mqr --format %f -e create $MON_DIR |\whileread files; do rsync -avz /opt /tmp/opt#echo "$(date +'%F %T') create $files" | mail -s "dir monitor" [email protected]done

12、批次建立100使用者並設定密碼指令碼

#!/bin/bashDATE=$@USER_FILE=user.txtfor USER in$USER_LIST; doif ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then PASS=$(echo$RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8) useradd $USERecho$PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/nullecho"$USER$PASS" >> $USER_FILEecho"$USER User create successful."elseecho"$USER User already exists!"fidone

13、批次檢測網站是否異常指令碼

#!/bin/bash URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.ctnrs.com"for URL in$URL_LIST; do FAIL_COUNT=0for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}"$URL)if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; thenecho"$URL OK"breakelseecho"$URL retry $FAIL_COUNT"let FAIL_COUNT++fidoneif [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; thenecho"Warning: $URL Access failure!"fidone

14、批次主機遠端執行命令指令碼

#!/bin/bashCOMMAND=$*HOST_INFO=host.infofor IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}'$HOST_INFO); do USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP'ip==$1{print $2}'$HOST_INFO) PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP'ip==$1{print $3}'$HOST_INFO) PASS=$(awk -v ip=$IP'ip==$1{print $4}'$HOST_INFO) expect -c " spawn ssh -p $PORT$USER@$IP expect { \"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue} \"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\"; exp_continue} \"$USER@*\" {send \"$COMMAND\r exit\r\"; exp_continue} } "echo"-------------------"done

15、一鍵部署LNMP網站平台指令碼

#!/bin/bashNGINX_V=1.15.6PHP_V=5.6.36TMP_DIR=/tmpINSTALL_DIR=/usr/localPWD_C=$PWDechoecho -e "\tMenu\n"echo -e "1. Install Nginx"echo -e "2. Install PHP"echo -e "3. Install MySQL"echo -e "4. Deploy LNMP"echo -e "9. Quit"functioncommand_status_check() {if [ $? -ne 0 ]; thenecho$1exitfi}functioninstall_nginx() {cd$TMP_DIR yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre-devel wget wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${NGINX_V}.tar.gz tar zxf nginx-${NGINX_V}.tar.gzcd nginx-${NGINX_V} ./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR/nginx \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-stream command_status_check "Nginx - 平台環境檢查失敗！" make -j 4 command_status_check "Nginx - 編譯失敗！" make install command_status_check "Nginx - 安裝失敗！" mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/conf/vhostalias cp=cp ; cp -rf $PWD_C/nginx.conf $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/conf rm -rf $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/*echo"ok" > $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/status.htmlecho'<?php echo "ok"?>' > $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/status.php$INSTALL_DIR/nginx/sbin/nginx command_status_check "Nginx - 啟動失敗！"}functioninstall_php() {cd$TMP_DIR yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel \ libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel \ libmcrypt-devel libxslt-devel libtidy-devel wget http://docs.php.net/distributions/php-${PHP_V}.tar.gz tar zxf php-${PHP_V}.tar.gzcd php-${PHP_V} ./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR/php \ --with-config-file-path=$INSTALL_DIR/php/etc \ --enable-fpm --enable-opcache \ --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql \ --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir \ --enable-mbstring --enable-hash command_status_check "PHP - 平台環境檢查失敗！" make -j 4 command_status_check "PHP - 編譯失敗！" make install command_status_check "PHP - 安裝失敗！" cp php.ini-production $INSTALL_DIR/php/etc/php.ini cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf $INSTALL_DIR/php/etc/php-fpm.conf cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm start command_status_check "PHP - 啟動失敗！"}read -p "請輸入編號：" numbercase$numberin 1) install_nginx;; 2) install_php;; 3) install_mysql;; 4) install_nginx install_php ;; 9)exit;;esac

16、一鍵檢視伺服器資源利用率

#!/bin/bashfunctioncpu() { NUM=1while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do util=`vmstat |awk '{if(NR==3)print 100-$15"%"}'` user=`vmstat |awk '{if(NR==3)print $13"%"}'` sys=`vmstat |awk '{if(NR==3)print $14"%"}'` iowait=`vmstat |awk '{if(NR==3)print $16"%"}'`echo"CPU - 使用率: $util , 等待磁盤IO響應使用率: $iowait"let NUM++ sleep 1done}functionmemory() { total=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2)printf "%.1f",$2/1024}'` used=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2) printf "%.1f",($2-$NF)/1024}'` available=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2) printf "%.1f",$NF/1024}'`echo"記憶體 - 總大小: ${total}G , 使用: ${used}G , 剩余: ${available}G"}functiondisk() { fs=$(df -h |awk '/^\/dev/{print $1}')for p in$fs; do mounted=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $NF}') size=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $2}') used=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $3}') used_percent=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $5}')echo"硬碟 - 掛載點: $mounted , 總大小: $size , 使用: $used , 使用率: $used_percent"done}functiontcp_status() { summary=$(ss -antp |awk '{status[$1]++}END{for(i in status) printf i":"status[i]" "}')echo"TCP連線狀態 - $summary"}cpumemorydisktcp_status

17、找出占用CPU 記憶體過高的行程指令碼

ps -eo user,pid,pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pcpu |head -n 10ps -eo user,pid,pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pmem |head -n 10